135 years ago, the Soviet military leader Joseph Apanasenko was born. Having the experience of the First World and Civil Wars behind him, he received the rank of army general at the beginning of 1941 and the appointment of a responsible position-the commander of the troops of the Far Eastern Front, which covered the border of the USSR from a possible blow to militaristic Japan. Apanasenko not only strengthened the Far Eastern borders of the country, but also ensured at one of the most difficult moments in the history of the Soviet Union the transfer of fresh divisions under Moscow, which took a direct part in the stop of the Nazi offensive. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Apanasenko was a sharp, but fair commander. The general died during the Battle of Kursk – shortly after transferring to the Voronezh Front. On April 15, 1890, the Soviet military leader Joseph Apanasenko was born. Having commanded the troops of the Far Eastern Front in 1941, he ensured covering the borders of the USSR from possible Japanese aggression and the transfer of fresh divisions for the defense of Moscow. The production of commander Apanasenko was born in a poor peasant family in the village of Mitrofanovskoye Stavropol province. Having studied for two or three years (according to various sources) at a parish school, he was forced to labore, work as a shepherd. In the words of historians, he ran into an injustice by a teenager. Once, for a breakdown of Yarma, in which the young shepherd was not to blame, he was beaten and did not pay honestly earned money. Also on the topic “Forge of the Soviet commanders”: how the First Horse Army influenced the outcome of the Civil War on November 19, 1919, the First Horse Army was created – the operational unification of the Soviet cavalry during the Civil War in Russia …. “Poverty, deprivation, injustice and hard work from childhood formed an Apanasenko’s not too good attitude to the class of wealthy owners. All this will play a role when he will determine his place in his life after the October Revolution, ”Mikhail Kuzovkin, a member of the Association of Historians of the Union State, noted in a conversation with RT in 1911, Joseph was drafted into the army. He began the service in the 208th Lorian Infantry Regiment, and having completed the training in the training team in Khasavyurt, he was appointed to the regimental machine gun team. “The position of the machine gunner was quite prestigious and respected. After all, such a soldier controlled a complex mechanism, ”said Kuzovkin. The first world war, Apanasenko was held on the Caucasus Front. Soon after the start of hostilities, he already commanded the platoon, replacing the deceased officer, and later led the half -Rot and machine -gun team of the regiment. For his exploits, Apanasenko was awarded three St. George Crosses and two St. George medals. “Dear combat awards are a convincing evidence of how Iosif Apanasenko courageously fought,” Alexander Mikhailov, specialist-historian of the Victory Museum, emphasized in a conversation with RT. The Russian Army enters the city of Trebizonds on the territory of Turkish Armenia RIA Novosti in 1917 Apanasenko awarded the officer’s rank of warrant officer and appointed him as a machine gun company commander. “The First World War had a strong influence on him, helped him as a military professor, learn to manage the battle and manage the personnel,” said Mikhail Kuzovkin. 1917 the command provided Apanasenko’s vacation. Arriving for a small homeland, he was elected chairman of the council and the Military Revolutionary Committee of the village of Mitrofanovskoye. In addition, he became an assistant to the commander of the Red Guard detachment. In the spring of 1918, Apanasenko had already formed his own detachment, which defended the new government, and fought against the White Guards at the Stavropol. From his detachment, he formed the Red Army brigade, and then headed the 6th Cavalry Division created on the basis of the units of the Stavropol partisans. She entered the corps of Semyon Budyonny, which became the basis for the deployment of the famous First Horse Army. Apanasenko distinguished himself in the battles in the Tsaritsyn (Volgograd) area and when Voronezh is captured. Despite the great personal courage and organizational abilities, Joseph was reduced twice aside. He was accused of ataman inclinations – violation of subordination, self -will. The commanders of the First Horse Army of the Red Army © Public Domain “People went behind the commander because he corresponded to their internal expectations,” said Mikhail Kuzovkin. According to historians, Apanasenko had a difficult character. He could not choose expressions, reporting his subordinates, and strictly punish them. But at the same time, he never reported their misconduct to the higher authorities and provided the opportunity to correct the mistakes made. One of the saviors of Moscow, Apanasenko, was appointed head of the Stavropol Provincial Police. But he rushed back into the army and, realizing his weaknesses, he finally wanted to get a quality education. In the end, he went to the military-academic courses of the Supreme Komalnoye of the Red Army, after which he was first appointed by the Smolensk provincial military commissar, and then by the commander of the 5th Cavalry Division. In 1925, he participated in the cleansing of the North Caucasus from the gangs that remained there after the war. In the future, Apanasenko became the commander of the 4th Leningrad Cavalry Division, after which his military career developed rapidly: the corps commander, deputy commander of the Belorussian military district, commander of the Troops of the Central Asian military district. In the breaks between his appointments, he managed to graduate from improving the Higher Komsomol at the Frunze Military Academy of the Red Army, as well as the Academy itself. Also on the topic “First Strategic Victory”: how Soviet troops defended Moscow during the Great Patriotic War 80 years ago, the Moscow defensive operation of the Soviet troops began, which ended with the first strategic victory of the Red Army in … As historians noted, unlike some commanders who risen sharply as the Civil War, Apanasenko studied diligently, becoming theoretically theoretically fed up by military military Professional. In January 1941, Joseph Apanasenko received a responsible and difficult appointment – the commander of the troops of the Far Eastern Front. Most recently, battles on Lake Hassan and the Khalkhin-Gol River died. Despite negotiations on neutrality, which in April 1941 led to the signing of the relevant agreement, Tokyo was hostile to Moscow. The Soviet command had every reason to fear a new aggression at the very first opportunity convenient for Japanese militarists – for example, in the event of an attack by Germany. Therefore, the troops in the Far East were to be in a state of constant readiness in order to repel the Japanese desire to experience fate. However, having arrived at his front, Apanasenko discovered systemic problems in the field of security. The only means for transferring forces and equipment along the border with the Japanese occupied by the Japanese was a railway, which passed through a crossroads, with dozens of tunnels and bridges. One sabotage was enough to deprive the Red Army of the opportunity for a maneuver. According to Apanasenko himself, this turned the Far East into a “mousetrap”. He immediately ordered to lay from Khabarovsk to Kuibyshevka-Eastern highway with a length of more than 900 km. By September 1941, the construction was completed. According to historians, Apanasenko developed the transport infrastructure of the region as a whole, built fortifications, and increased the requirements for the combat effectiveness of the units. The order was brought by a hard hand – the general generously imposed penalties, and sent two secretaries to the soldiers. But he solved the tasks of strengthening the defense capabilities of the Far East. Stalin asked the Far Eastern party leadership to prepare Apanasenko for a difficult conversation – about the transfer of troops that covered the USSR border from the Japanese to Moscow. At the same time, the Soviet leader said that he knows the “obstinacy” of the general. Soviet anti -aircraft gunners on the roof of the Moscow Hotel RIA Novosti © Oleg Knorring, having arrived in Moscow, at a meeting with Stalin Apanasenko stoically, decided the head of state to transfer his most combat -ready units to the west of the country and immediately sent the corresponding instructions to his subordinates. But when it came to the sending of anti -tank guns, according to the memoirs of eyewitnesses, the general allegedly raised a voice to Stalin and asked how to protect the border – with his stripes? At the same time, the head of state did not argue with Apanasenko, asked him to calm down and allowed him to leave guns in the Far East. Whether there really was such a conversation, it was reliably unknown, but it is obvious that Stalin treated the general respectfully, historians note. “Stalin, being a smart person, tried to convey his point of view in detail to the executing task, so that he acted consciously,” Mikhail Kuzovkin emphasized. General could organize a lightning -to -prepared fresh divisions to the West. Some of them joined the battle with the Nazis directly “from the wheels.” “Far Eastern divisions played a crucial role in the propeller defeat near Moscow,” said Alexander Mikhailov. At the same time, Apanasenko quickly formed new units from the mobilized in the Far East and was able to hide the real scale of the transfer of troops to the west from Japanese intelligence, therefore, according to historians, according to historians, according to historians, according to historians, according to historians. It was believed that the combat effectiveness of the Soviet troops in the region did not fundamentally change. From left to right: Army General Joseph Apanasenko, Major General Alexander Rodimtsev, Lieutenant General Pavel Rotmistrov. July 1943 RIA Novosti, the general repeatedly asked Stalin to send him to the army. True, he refused him a long time, citing the fact that he needed such a person in the Far East. Only in the summer of 1943, Apanasenko achieved a transfer to the post of deputy commander of the Voronezh Front troops and ended up at the center of the Battle of Kursk. The general was constantly on the front line and personally ruled the troops. However, on August 5, 1943, he tragically died from an accidental fragment of a German air bomb. “Apanasenko was always ready to take responsibility in the most difficult situations. Such people in wartime conditions were necessary for the country, ”summed up Alexander Mikhailov.
