At the end of March, the United States Riyad negotiated with Ukraine and Russia individually: the new administration in Washington is trying to achieve, if not a truce, then at least a ceasefire between Moscow and Kiev. Against this background, Russia continues the shelling of Ukrainian cities, and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation go to a new offensive in the Donetsk region after the battle for Sudzhu. Many Western politicians and experts, reasoning how exactly the active phase of the Russian military invasion of Ukraine can end, are increasingly recalling the “Korean scenario”: the parties stop military operations, fix the front line, but do not find a political solution to a protracted conflict. At the request of Medusa, the invited researcher of the University of Bonn, Alexei Uvarov, tells how the Korean war became the most famous example of the actual truce without a formal peace agreement. The parties hoped for a short one – and the victorious war in the Second World War divided the Korean peninsula into two zones of the occupation: north – under the control of the Soviet Union, and the southern – under the southern – under the direction of USA. Initially, both Moscow and Washington claimed to support the creation. Pretty soon, each of the zones of occupation has its own political system: in the north – pro -Soviet, in the south – pro -Western. By the end of the 1940s, it became obvious that the USSR and the United States would not give in their influence on the peninsula, and the temporary post-war division of Korea was delayed. The Koreans did not refuse the idea of unification-but they were preparing to achieve this by force, and not the search for a compromise. The South Korean leader did not hide the ambitions to restore control of the entire peninsula. The actual head of the northern zone was ahead of him, convincing Joseph Stalin that the armed invasion of South Korea would lead to a quick victory – and would not cause serious US intervention. In January 1950, Moscow gave Kim Il to be careful for the beginning of hostilities, and later more specific support. The USSR provided the North Korean leader of military advisers, equipment and weapons. Then Kim Il Sung was enlisted. On June 25, 1950, the DPRK army crossed – and began a rapid attack to the south. Thus began the Korean war. The conflict between the North and the south affected the interests of the United States, China and the USSR – but the war quickly moved to the positional phasearium of North Korea (DPRK) managed to quickly advance deep into the peninsula – and occupy almost the entire southern part, except for a small area near the city of Pusan. The United States and the allies decided to support South Korea – they landed on the peninsula in the area in September 1950. They managed to discard the North Korean units-and even capture Pyongyang, the capital of the DPRK. It seemed that the UN forces could completely occupy the whole north. In Washington and Seoul, they expected a quick victory, the full defeat of the troops of Kim Il Sen and the association of the peninsula under the rule of Lee the son of Man. Od by then, China entered into the conflict, whose authorities were sent to the aid of Kim Il San. The Chinese and North Korean troops with the support of Soviet aviation began a counterattack-and again crossed the 38th parallel. They managed to push the UN troops from the northern part of the peninsula. However, it was more difficult to maintain control in the southern regions. Therefore, soon the Americans and their allies were able to stabilize the front in the central part of the peninsula. The Support President Lee Son Man advocated for the continuation of hostilities – and the offensive until the full surrender of Pyongyang. The American command was inclined to the same strategy, in particular, General Douglas MacArthur. China also hoped that the DPRK could completely displace the UN troops from the Korean Peninsula – and inflict a large geopolitical defeat of the United States. In the spring of 1951, it became obvious that the war passed into the positional phase. The losses of the parties were growing, and the front line stabilized in the area of the 38th parallel. Against this background, the parties began to overestimate the prospects of a protracting Korean war. The United States, despite the pressure from Seoul, understood that the further offensive threatens an open conflict with China, and possibly with the Soviet Union. The United States allies in the UN (first of all, the UK, Canada, France and other European countries) actively opposed the expansion of the war – and especially against the use of nuclear weapons, which was discussed in Washington. Despite colossal losses and material costs, the PRC and the DPRK hoped for the full victory – and the support of Moscow. The USSR did not formally participate in hostilities, but provided noticeable material and technical assistance. Stalin occupied a hard line: he insisted on continuing the war and considered it as a useful tool in the deterrence of the United States. At the same time, he tried not to involve Soviet troops into the Korean conflict directly. The summer of 1951, battles regularly flashed at the border of the former division, the 38th parallel, sometimes shifting to the south. The decisive breakthrough was not able to achieve any of the parties – and they moved to the positional war. In 1952, clashes with the participation of aviation continued between the armies of the North and South, and the diplomatic negotiations on the ceasefire were delayed. On negotiations, the parties could not reach a peace agreement – and only agreed on the military aircraft between the parties to the conflict at the initiative of the Soviet ambassador to the UN of Yakov Malik. In addition to the representatives of the north, a delegation of American generals and officers representing the UN troops, as well as representatives of the Chinese People’s Volunteers, participated in them. Formally, in negotiations in the city of Keson (today – the territory of the DPRK), the parties to the conflict tried to agree on the distinction and conditions of a truce. However, each detail was consistent with the highest level in Washington, Beijing and Moscow. The President of South Korea Lee Lee Son, the son, participated in the negotiations officially – and influenced the dialogue through Washington. He opposed any agreement that would fix the split of Korea, and often threatened to withdraw the Republican army from the UN command. The negotiations were transferred to the village of Phanmunge. Since October 1951, it was here that all key issues were discussed: the exact line of the section and the creation of a demilitarized zone, the rules for supervision of the ceasefire, and most importantly, the unit has changed in the spring of 1953, when Stalin died. With the arrival of the new leadership, the foreign policy accents of the USSR have sharply shifted. Moscow began to actively push Pyongyang and Beijing to end the war. The Soviet Union wanted to relieve international tension – and focus on internal reforms and stabilization of the country after the Stalin era. In the United States, voices also sounded louder about the need to complete the protracted and. July17 by the parties signed a Korean armistice, which formally stopped active hostilities – and established a demilitarized zone between the North and South Korea. Although Seoul did not officially participate in the negotiations whether the son of Man accepted the terms of the agreement through the American. In this case, the parties failed to fully achieve a political settlement of the conflict. Moscow, Beijing, Pyongyang, Seoul and Washington were not ready to compromise. Any agreement that did not take into account the son of Mana was obviously doomed to failure. The DPRK considered the format of free elections to the auspices of the UN – its military enemy. Therefore, only temporary military truce was established between the North and South Korea – without a permanent peace treaty. This format of settlement became possible only thanks to the military fatigue of the parties, the pressure of Canada and European countries on Washington, the death of Stalin – and diplomatic efforts to overcome the most difficult point,. Putin proposes to introduce the UN interim administration in Ukraine. We explain why this is not possible, although earlier the organization really controlled entire state Putin proposes to introduce the UN interim administration in Ukraine. We explain why this is not possible, although the organization really controlled entire state -proof states froze the conflict – and the political project of the association of two Koreis -eating situation on the peninsula is the direct heritage of the 1953 agreement. Turned into one of the most militarized boundaries of the world. There is still no peace treaty between the DPRK and South Korea. Seoul, relying on an alliance with the United States, achieved impressive economic successes. Pyongyang continued the path to military self -sufficiency, including in order to maintain his political regime. Peremiria allowed to stop, but forever mothballed the idea of “two Koreans”. The parties recorded a new border, which became a source of subsequent many years of tension. In 1953, the parties took up the strengthening of defense in the area of the demilitarized zone (DMZ). In the 1960s, border skirmishes regularly occurred there-and sabotage. In 1968, the North Korean special forces tried to break through to the presidential residence in Seoul. In the 1970s, in South Korea they found dug, DPRK near DMZ. 1976 near Panmunjoma demonstrated that any trifle could develop into a major crisis. On the 1980-1990s, the north and south continued to provoke each other, although it did not reach large-scale battles. Each outbreak of violence on the border increased the degree of voltage between Pyongyang and Seoul. Since the late 1990s, armed clashes have become more frequent on the sea border between the DPRK and South Korea. In 2010, the explosion hazard of the situation was again demonstrated. At the initiative of Donald Trump Seoul and Pyongyang, they did somewhat to warming the relationship, but the negotiations again quickly came to a dead end. In the 2020s, military-political stress on the peninsula remains high. After 1953, a new full-fledged war did not occur between the parties. However, the rivalry of the DPRK and South Korea, which regularly exacerbates due to the nuclear ambitions of Pyongyan, continues to generate short-term acute crises. The Korean Scenario demonstrated how a local conflict during the Cold War may be stopped by an agreement on a temporary truce. But at the same time, he showed that such a peace agreement is possible only with a complex compromise of interests – and the desire of the south and north to maintain a face and his power. With all the contradictions, such a scenario saved the lives of tens of thousands of people-and became a model of “limited settlement”, when the reasons for the confrontation themselves remained unresolved. The NATO is again a crisis: because of Trump, the United States and Europe cannot agree on anything. So it was not always? Just the opposite. The history of the alliance is a series of constant conflicts and compromise by NATO again a crisis: because of Trump, the United States and Europe cannot agree on anything. So it was not always? Just the opposite. The history of the alliance is a series of constant conflicts and compromise -military awareness (Tagstotranslate) News
